This I believe

"The greatest glory in life is not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail." ~ Confucius

This is a quote I would never forget in my life. Bright as I seem to be, I do not achieve success all the time. I have always had a low self-esteem actually. In the past, the only thing in my eyes--is to win. I want to win in everything. To score first in class, to be a math genius, to be someone who scores 1.5 all the time. But these are merely dreams. But dreams that I strongly yearned to achieve. Of course, most of the time, I cannot achieve the high standards set for myself. This led me to very depressed state. Sometimes, it do not seem very obvious because I always try to force a smile or a laugh whenever my heart is way too low.

It is then that I thought of the quote. Sometimes, I feel that the quote is a little meaningless and lame. Sometimes, I use to remind and motivate myself to get up and strive even harder, and crazier than before. I had to use this quote to remind myself to get up all the time, because I seriously couldn't bear to see myself drop far behind others, and drop far behind my targets.

Well, lets now talk so much about the unpleasant stuff. Lately, many of my friends have commented that I am being too emotional or having a too serious face. I do not quite like the idea that I do not seem very friendly to others. Therefore, I began smiling randomly to my friends. It was so hilarious when others watch me smile gaily at them. Smiling has many uses. First of all, it can raise my spirits and 'save' me from moody times. Second smiling makes other people smile as well. Sometimes, my smile can be used to comfort others. I was really delighted to see my friends laugh and smile. But still, I couldn't help keeping that straight face in class and during lessons. It is just my way of being serious. But I hope my smile can bring more benefits, especially for people like me who are often depressed because of some minor failures. Tsk...tsk...

Irony: A Scene in the MRT train on Youth Day

I was heading towards Jurong to discuss my project work. It was a bright morning, the sun was warm, the wind brought a caressing touch on my tender skin. Deep in the MRT carriage, I took out a book to read. All of a sudden, a shrill scream pierce my ears. It was from an Indian woman. My smooth and tranquiling morning had been disrupted by a rough stone.

The elderly was pushing a wheelchair in which his husband is sitting in. The old elderly man in the wheelchair looks fragile and confused and his right leg seemed sprained. His wife was chiding a Chinese teenage boy slightly older than me. "You are an evil person!! How can you hit his leg?? Can't you see he is sick? Do you know he has a stroke? And his leg is injured. You are such a cruel person! F*** You!!" Everyone in the carriage was staring at the young man and the Indian woman. It seemed that the commotion began when the boy accidentally bumping into the old man in the wheelchair. The young man was peering around at the train embarrassedly and trying to explain to the Indian lady that he did not actually did that on purpose. "F*** off! Cruel person. You did that on purpose didn't you? Didn't you? You tell me! Look at me! Can't you see he is a sick man?? ****! Get away from here!" I was pretty shocked by her use of vulgarities and her sharp piercing accusation. She seemed so old but do not look fragile at all. The dispute continued and finally, after a series of screams and curses from the old lady, she alighted at the next stop from which she boarded.

I feel that the elderly lady was over-reacting. I understand that her husband meant a lot for her, but I felt that she failed to comprehend the fact that the teenage boy has no intention of harming an elderly man (sitting on a wheelchair). The elderly woman is probably slightly senile and therefore displayed such an outrage towards the innocent boy. If I were the boy, I would have moved to some other places in the MRT carriage. This would probably stop her from screaming and disturbing other commuters.

The first irony I noticed is that the teenage boy has probably suffered a most painful ordeal just in the morning of youth day. A day when he is supposed to enjoy, relax and have fun. This is a situational irony.

The second irony I noticed is that, the elderly woman seemed to be doing more harm and damage to her vulnerable husband with her wild screaming. On the other hand, the teenage boy had only touched the man gently. This is also a situational irony.

The last irony I noticed from the scene is from the woman's words. Initially, she told the boy to "**** off". After that she told the boy to look at her in her eyes and answer her question. And when the boy answered her question from his point-of-view, the woman doesn't seem to hear him and argued ferociously. This is a verbal irony.

Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen: My personal thoughts

I enjoy reading the use of figurative and colourful languages which emphasizes the war scene. However creative and innovative the imagery and words are, I feel that the writer has successfully managed to illicit the sense of sympathy for those who have suffered in war.

Dulce et Decorum Est truly lead me to imagine about the horrifying and unbearable ordeals which transformed into nightmares for the soldiers. I have never experienced a war which is as close to me as this poem. It pains me to "see" the soldiers struggling to carry on with their journey. Despite the fatigue, wounds and hunger they were probably experiencing then, these boys could not stop until they reach a safe destination. After seeing the descriptions of their pitiful state, I thought the poem would further describe about how they have managed to arrive at their safety camps. Instead, the poem talks about how the confused and exhausted young soldiers had accidentally let loose a poison gas bomb and how the soldiers had frantically put on their gas masks. Unfortunately, things did not turn out so well when one of their comrades was killed by the poisonous gas.

This scene puts me into thinking about the scene of a real war. I realise that danger was imminent all the time during war. No matter if the soldiers are away from the main battlefield, or in their camps. Anything could happen and anyone could have caused an accident easily. One moment, your comrade and best friend could be standing beside you and chatting with you. The next moment, there is a chaotic scene and...your friend is gone. Such things do happen in war all the time and I believe many of these young soldiers in those times were actually not prepared to leave their closest companions in the army.

At the second half of Dulce et Decorum Est, it describes the scene of the writer having nightmare and being unable to shake away the haunting scene of his comrade's pale motionless face. Honestly, I would not even bear to see my comrade die in front of me. I mean, no one would hope for the worst, would they? And when their friends die, the scene often clings onto their minds endearingly until they retire or pass away. The descriptions in the poem makes me sympathise with the soldier who was suffering from these nightmares. I truly hope I would not have to suffer from these ordeals in future (touchwood) because I am someone who cherishes my friends and would not bear to leave them. (:D) I believe this portion of the poem would definitely have thrown a warning at those who were considering to join the army.

Overall, I feel that this poem is rather sad, but conveys a very strong message--that is to encourage others not to join war. The title of the poem: Dulce et Decorum Est means Sweet and Fitting (to die for one's country). It is probably a sarcastic remark and aims to satirized the government for encouraging so many boys to join the army. Wilfred Owen is probably one of the victims who has suffered the ordeals of war. The overall tone and emotions of the poem are hatred and serene atmosphere. It probably aims to illicit the audience's feelings.

9/11: The Tragic Day Which Changed the Whole World

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6666420467125611107#

After watching the documentary, I truly realised how serious the incident was. As I was still young at that time, the incident on September 11 2001 did not leave much impact on me. However, after studying it, I realised that the world had changed from then on. All countries were extremely cautious of terrorists. Since then, our MRT and airport began to have soldiers roaming about with rifles and guns. The world had changed. Osama bin Laden had showed the world how easily he can penetrate U.S. 's defense in broad daylight. It was a perfectly normal day like any other day. And bin Laden had simply proved America's vulnerability. It was a fateful day that all Americans would remember.

What happened exactly?

On September 11, 2001, a total of 4 planes were hijacked. Two of them were success in crashing into the two World Trade Center Towers. One was only partially successful as it crashed into a portion of the Pentagon (Ministry of Defense for America) where all the top secret files of the country and its security were kept. The last plane was headed towards Washington, D.C. . However, the passengers on the planes heard about the news of the collapsed of the World Trade Center Towers and suspected the same scenario was happening in their own plane. The passengers aboard the plane then decided to overpower the terrorists to prevent it to cause any further damage to the unidentified location it was going to crash. These selfless passengers were very brave. They knew that they had little chance of surviving. There are no other pilots left except for the trained terrorist. The plane would either crash into some important building in the end. Therefore, these passengers decided to stop the terrorist to reduce the death rate. A memorial was built at the site where the plane crashed.

The two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers and less than an hour later, both tower collapsed. It was as if all the measurements were calculated exactly (which part of the building should be crashed into and what is the speed of the plane etc.) because both towers collapsed vertically and destroyed both towers totally. At the Pentagon, another plane crashed through one portion of the building. Less than an hour later, the portion of the Pentagon collapsed. Again, this proved how accurately the measurements had been made.

Nearly 3000 people died in on this day.

I was shocked and I felt a strong sense of sympathy for those who had lost their families. Today, a museum is built at the same location where the twin tours once stood (Ground Zero). There will be fragments from the twin towers in the museum too. September 11 reminds everyone in the whole world the dangers of terrorism.

After that fateful day, the world largest manhunt begin. Osama, who was always one step ahead of the rest managed to hide for ten years before he was finally caught a few weeks ago. He became the most wanted and dangerous man in the whole world then. Because he had managed to overcome the world most powerful country easily. After he was killed, his body was disposed of in a place which was not announced. The body was not even buried. This was because the U.S. did not want his followers to pray to him as if he were a saint.

I feel that Osama bin Laden was actually a very talented man. However, because of what America had done to him in the past, he vowed to launch an attack on America. Today, Al Qaeda had given out clues that they were going to launch an even larger scale attack somewhere in Pakistan. I hoped U.S. would prepare safety precautions and ensure security in Pakistan before the attack is launched. Now that Osama had been killed. Members of Al Qaeda would be enraged and they would definitely hope to take revenge on America.

My Holiday Doesn't Seems Very Free After All

Although there are 2 more weeks left before the holidays, I decided to start on my holiday plans now since we only have another half week of lessons left. However, this holiday is only 4 weeks long (my apologies, but 4 weeks seem rather short to me as compared to end of year holidays :D) and I have many school activities during the holidays. Some of these activities include CIP activities (which I feel that I am suppose to do since I am free) and workshops conducted in school. However, the largest event in my June holidays is the June Council Camp. This year, I have taken up the challenge to be the Organising Secretary for this year's June Camp. Initially, the council ExCo has already chosen one of the senior councilor to be the OS. However, the councilor was afraid that he may have other commitments and therefore, he gave up the position as the OS. I have only recruited my OT members n0t long ago. This is going to be one of the major camps throughout the year. Fortunately, one of the days is organised by the High School Council for a combined council workshop when all the four consortium councilors come together to attend a few hours of workshops. This is my first time organising an event. I am going to consult the advisors on what are the main activities for the camp first. I hope they would help me. Because I am organising this whole event from scratch and had no idea what are the activities and plans for it.

Looking Forward to War Poetry: KWL

Next term, we would be studying and analysing war poetry. I am excited and anticipating the things we are going to go through next term. War is a very controversial topic. Nobody can stop war. It just the nature of men to fight among each other, usually for one particular reason: Greed. Greed is a curse in society which brought many living creatures on earth to do their death. Greed has caused creatures of the same kind to fight among themselves and to harm each other. Most animals in the world are greedy. But Men has certain additional advantages like power and the ability to think. When people fight against one another (because of greed), the war would continue for a long time because people would seek revenge.

What do I know about wars / war poetry

I know that war have been around for a very long time. Sometimes, there isn't always war between countries but civil war within a country itself. This would even be worse as this shows how foolish men is to fight your own friends and your own people because of greed. War involves many people such as the soldiers, the citizens of the countries, the leaders of the particular country or association. In war, there would be more people who suffered as compared to those who gained. Till today, there are still many disputes happening all around the world. In the past, many of these major disputes could eventually lead to the bloodiest war in history. Nobody can predict what would happen next and most of the time, people are unable to prevent wars.

I have little knowledge about war poetry. I haven't even experienced or seen any war that is closely related to me in my life. However, I have a brief idea of what a war poetry is about. I think (not absolutely sure) war poetry is written by soldiers, prisoners of war, generals or perhaps the innocent civilians who are harmed in war. They probably described scenes during the war and their emotions. Some of these descriptions can be very gruesome and I believe most would elicit our feelings. The contents of these war poetry could be the opinions towards certain war during the aftermath of a war, or about the times during war. (could there be any war poetry which predicts an imminent war?)

What do I want to learn more about war poetry?

Of course, I wish to learn how to analyse war poetry. I also wish to learn more about war poetry (who writes them, what do they talk about, how the persona or writer actually feels). I want to learn how to write a simple war poetry. But I think this is not easy and requires a lot of imagination as we don't really feel the sufferings and hardships of war. And lastly, I wish to know what does Dulce Et Decorum Est means. :D

What have I learnt about war poetry?

Reflection on Term 2 LA Progress

I am not very satisfied with my Term 2 LA performance. I feel that I could have put in a lot more effort in Term 2 as compared to Term 1. Last Term, when school had just begun, I was very motivated to complete all assignments on time and ensure that I had did good quality work. I was confident in myself and was very enthusiastic about academics.

However, when I move on to Term 2, my pace began to slacken down. I did not feel as enthusiastic as before and there were a few times when I submitted my assignment late. I was very disappointed in myself then. Because I knew that if I had the right attitude and perspective towards studying LA, I would not have made so many minor mistakes. And because of all these minor errors, I did not have as much confidence and self-esteem as before. Examples of my mistake is not studying the To Kill A Mockingbird carefully. Another example would be not putting enough effort in learning how to write a good expository essay. I was greatly disappointed in myself and regret giving so little attention to LA. I feel that Language Arts would be a very interesting and enriching lesson if one had listened attentively during lesson. On the other hand, if a person did not put himself in the lesson and his mind was roaming to faraway places, then this person would dislike the subject because he feel lost in it.

Next term, we would be doing Habits of Mind for AAT. I hope I can apply some of the skills in my other subjects as well. Some of the habits I would like to highlight is listening with understanding and empathy, thinking flexibly, metacognition and questioning and posing problems. One last habit I am going to highlight is creating, imagining and innovating. Next term, I believe we are going to go through war poetry and imagining the scenes and their emotions is very essential in analysing the poems. I strive to achieve better results in future.

How has learning about newsworthiness and types of news articles affected the way you read newspapers?

How has learning about newsworthiness and types of news articles affected the way you read newspapers?

After learning about the factors leading to newsworthiness of news articles, I have begun to take note of certain details which I seldom notice in the past. Some of the factors of making a piece of news article newsworthy are unfamiliar to me. After learning more about each type of news articles (straight news and featured news), I realise that each type of news articles depend on different types of factors to make them newsworthy.

Straight news (Prime Section of newspaper) are usually more formal and have a serious tone. The factors which make them newsworthy are the number of people affected in the news, prominence of the characters involve in the incident, exceptional quality and sometimes human interest.

On the other hand, featured news (news article which elicits feelings and emotions) are written in a more discussive and casual tone. It includes more narration and descriptive details about certain shocking events in the newspaper. Usually, such articles depend on factors such as pathos, human interest, conflict, proximity (how close is the incident related to you) and probably the number of people affected. The narration in the article elicits the readers' feelings because it somehow made the readers feel as if they were in the scenes themselves!

After learning about newsworthiness and types of articles, I had look out for the respective factors in each articles. Most of the time, each type of articles would be able to prove its newsworthiness by including those factors. Of course, news articles would not be published if they are not newsworthy. But I had realised recently how much the factors in each type of articles would attract the readers attention. For example, recent news articles such as "Obama Captured Osama" include very prominent figures whom everyone knows. And without doubt, this article capture much attention from the public. The main factors affecting the newsworthiness of featured articles are the shock value of the articles and the pathos which elicits human emotion such as sympathy. Incidents about others in plight usually capture readers' attention as readers tend to be attracted to such news and sympathised with the people in the news articles.

Maycomb Tribune -- Class Prejudice in Burma

A Day of Life in the Battle of the Bulge

The droning of the approaching tanks rang persistently in my years. I rubbed my stiff hands together apprehensively and breathed warm air on them. Beyond the white freezing plains, clouds of dust began to form. The mini tanks were extremely effective in battling in the densely forested areas of the Ardennes Mountains region. Soon, the first few tanks materialised. I could hardly believe that the forest had not filtered them. Instead, the tanks were charging towards us like a horde of provoked bees. It was almost impossible to fend off such a huge swarm of buzzing tanks with just a few anti-tank rifles. Our chief commander sprinted past our pits and hollered out instructions like a frantic monkey in a predicament. Just then, missiles and fires flashed past my eyes. It had begun.

I was hiding in a pit in the frontline. I dropped into the it and watched as blinding flash of light whizzed past overhead. Straining my ears, I tried to catch my chief’s instructions. However, his voice was drowned by the cacophony of droning machines and continuous firings. I knew it was my duty to defend the frontline. I summoned my courage and reloaded my anti-tank rifle. Within a few seconds, I felt the worst pain I have ever experienced in my life. My whole body went limb and I collapsed back into the pit in agony. I could smell the boiling blood which was staining my uniform. I thought I was going to die as the vision around me blurred. I was unable to move any limbs and I stifle a cry of anguish to prevent myself from attracting attention from the advancing tanks.

The next moment, I felt myself being dragged out of the pit violently and I knew the Germans had captured me. I was dragged through the icy forest and away from the frontline. Gradually, the noises grew fainter. However, my pain became more unbearable. Realising something was amiss, I glanced upwards. It dawned on me that the medical units had rushed to my rescue and were treating to my wounds. However, I could not resist it any longer. My eyes were watering profusely and I clenched my fists so tightly that my knuckles ache. I lay on the snow and watched the medics fumbling with their tools. I felt a sense of security even though the pain was still tormenting me. The medics treated my wound expertly and brought me back to the camp in a vehicle. I hoped I would not be assigned in the frontline in future.

Descriptive Paragraph-War scene

Clouds of dust drifting over the rubbles caused the eyes to itched. The thick cloud of billowing smoke in the distance curled into the sky like a cobra searching for a prey. Among the cacophony of the wailing of sirens, explosions, hollering and the deafening noise of a nearby tank, a soldier lay on the broken bricks. His military uniform was drenched in his own blood and was trembling slightly. Still he clung on to his rifle desperately as if it was his only hope for survival. The taste of death is strong and overwhelming. Two other soldiers went to his aid and was fumbling with their tools nervously. They watched their companion gasping for air. He grunted and attempted to rise but collapsed onto the ground clumsily with a loud “crash” like a fallen gorilla. The smell of dried blood, sweat and dust stank the nostrils. The next moment, it seemed that the whole world was watching him intently as he glanced around dizzily. His eyelids then slide over his eyes and his body went limb like an ancient wooden log.

Know What Learn: Process Analysis Essay

Process Analysis Essay

What do I Know about process analysis essays?

Honestly, I have never heard of the term process analysis essay. I have only heard of basic terms such as expository essays or argumentative essays. However, on see the title, I guess that a process analysis essay is to study a sequence of steps for a task closely. Process means a task or procedure while analysis is to study the steps and relating each point to other ideas.

What do I Want to learn about process analysis essays?

I wish to know what exactly is a process analysis essay and how it is used in our everyday life. I also hope to learn how to write a good process analysis essay.

What have I Learnt after the lesson?

I found out that process analysis essay is used to explain the steps of carrying out out a process step by step. It provides specific details to each step and ensures that readers understand the process clearly and how it would be done. The steps in the process analysis essay is arranged in chronological order so that all the steps are related to each other.

The structure of a process analysis essay:

A process analysis essay starts with an introduction of the task. It will include some activities related to the tasks. And give a general opinion of the task. The people or requirements involved in the task will also be mentioned. Generally, the introduction let the readers understand more about the task and also tells them what are the necessary materials or preparations needed.

The body of the essay is obviously the steps to completing this task. It tells the readers the process of each step and how would it affect the task. Lastly, the conclusion summarize the points stated in the body paragraphs and then give an opinion about the steps needed.

Where are process analysis essay used in our daily lives?

Process analysis essays used in cooking recipes, or other methodology guides. It can be found in many about educating people on how to carry out certain tasks. Process analysis essays are very important as it is an essential method to enlighten others on unfamiliar concepts and complicated tasks. Many experts and researchers use process analysis essays to describe an experiment or to prove a concept using a series of steps.

What makes a news story newsworthy? Comparing the actual factors and my own factors.

I have learnt quite a number factors which make a story newsworthy but I am only sharing a few of the main factors which I strongly agree with.

The first factor is the uniqueness of the news article. In fact almost everything you see in the newspaper are unusual and that's why everyone is reading them! If there is a news article about a couple hugging on the beach, it will not arouse much interest in the readers. However, if the news article is about two couples kissing underwater in some sort of underwater gallery on Valentine's Day, it would probably attract much higher attention as this is not something we people see in all the time in broad day light. The uniqueness of a news is very important as readers only hopes to be inform on something which they had never experienced or heard of before.

The next factor I am going to share about is the prominence of the characters involved in the news. It occurs that many people like to read news and stories about famous people and characters in the world. If there happens to be a news article about a man injured in a ordinary road accident, I doubt anyone would pay any attention to it. However, if the news article is about a plane crash involving the death of a prominent Minister, it would definitely appeal to the readers' interest. For example, not long ago when the news about Michael Jackson having passed away appeared in the news, the response was overwhelming from the public. Michael Jackson's songs and dance steps began to spread all around the world and many people kept on mentioning him. This is an example of how the prominence of characters in the news affect the newsworthiness of a story. News about leading countries such as America and China also attract readers' attentions.

Another factor is about the number of people affected in the news. This is rather important because many people are interested in events or incidents which involves a lot of people. For example, the recent news of Japan earthquake and tsunami caused tens of thousands of people to be homeless or dead. Nearly the whole of Japan is affected by this tragic incident. When large number of people met disaster, the whole world will be focusing on them. However, if there is a news about a small tremor which caused one or two people injured, people would not pay much attention to them.

The last factor I am going to talk about is the appeal to pathos in a news. Humans seem to have a certain nature to sympathise or pity people or animals who are harmed innocently. Pathos can also be related to the previous example of an earthquake. Whenever, there is a news about a huge disaster which caused many to lose their lives or become homeless, many people will pay attention to it. Such news also urged the readers to take certain actions such as donations or helping other acts to help the victims. If there is news of an endangered species of animal drowned or was affected by some natural disaster, readers would definitely study it. This explain that most people have a sense of sympathy and will feel sorry for anyone or anything who suffered in the world out there.

The few factors mentioned above are the few main factors which I believe are true about affecting the newsworthiness of a piece of news story. Of course, there are many other factors which may be true but I feel that it may not be as important as those mentioned above. These factors include recency of a news, possible future impact of the content stated in the news, conflict (physical or emotional), consequences, human interest, shock value or titillation component (related to sex). Shock value and titillation component are usually the main factors which make tabloid newspaper worth selling. The news in tabloid newspaper are mostly those gossipy news which surprised interested readers and urge them to continue reading on.

Comparing the Types of newspaper

Newspaper informs the public about recent activities happening locally or all over the world. There are two kinds of newspaper. Namely, the broadsheet and the tabloid. So what is the difference between them?

Let me give you a brief introduction.

A broadsheet is the kind of newspaper most people usually reads. It contains important highlights and news from all about the world such as disasters, protests against government, politics, economics and so on. These news are more objective and most people would refer reading broadsheet. A few examples of broadsheets are The Strait Times, our local Chinese newspaper 联合早报, New York Times and so on.

On the other hand, a tabloid appears much smaller and has much different content. A tabloid usually includes gossips and sensational news which are often related to celebrities. They still do inform public about news. Just that these news may not have much impacts on our daily lives and are just gossips which are meant for entertainment purposes. Tabloid news include our local Chinese newspaper 晚报 and so on. (Today is not counted as a tabloid as it is just a smaller version of a broadsheet.)

The above mentioned is the main different between the content of each type of newspaper. So what are the differences in appearance or language between these two types of newspaper? Well, firstly, a broadsheet is about two times larger in size as compared to the tabloid. This might be related to the way the journalists write the news. Broadsheet usually have longer sentences while tabloid have shorter sentences. Broadsheets have fewer photographs and colours in their content while tabloid is much more fanciful and has more photographs and decorations all over the paper. Broadsheets also have much longer news articles as compared to tabloids. Regarding the language used in both kinds of newspaper, it is very obvious that broadsheet has a more formal tone and language whereas tabloid uses colourful, exaggerated and slangy languages. The language used in tabloid is mainly to appeal to the readers interest. The headlines of tabloid news articles are also very attractive due to the word choice.

My Favourite character in To Kill a Mockingbird: Atticus Finch

My favourite character in o Kill a Mockingbird is Atticus Finch. This is because Atticus is cool and calm. He may be old but he is wise and has a strong sense of morality and justice. I like him also because he teaches his children to treat everyone in society equally. And one of the most important reason why I like him is because he has true courage.

Atticus Finch defended a Negro even though he know the consequences and the humiliation his family would receive. This shows that Atticus has true courage and is willing to suffer as long as he does the right thing and fight for justice. He never blamed anyone for calling him a nigger-lover because he understand how most of the Whites in Maycomb county felt after they knew that Atticus was defending a Negro in court. One example was when Mrs Dubose said that Atticus was no better than the niggers he defended. Jem was furious with her and messed up her camelias. However, Atticus called her a lady and even asked Jem to apologise to her. He wanted Jem to learn what is true courage and he also knew that Mrs Dubose was very brave as she fought hard against Morphine addiction.